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This Week in History: March 7 - March 13

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This Week in History: March 7 - March 13

February 05, 2010 Triviaman Historical Blog by EST

(NOTE:I realized that what I orignally put down was right... but since March 9th has passed, I will not bother reposting it)

March 7: 1936; Germany Remilitarizes the Rhineland

 

After World War I, Germany was forced to take full responsibility for the war, and sign the Treaty of Versailles.  Among other things, it restricted the size of the army and navy, and placed a ban on certain weapons of war.  One of the lesser known terms was that Germany had to demiltarize a region of Europe under German control called the Rhineland.  On this day in history, the German Army violated Articles 42 and 44 of the treaty, which specifically stated Germany was "forbidden to maintain or construct any fortification either on the Left bank of the Rhine or on the Right bank to the west of a line drawn fifty kilometers to the East of the Rhine."

The map below shows where the Rhineland is, and the specified "Demilitarized Zone."
 

http://static8.photo.sina.com.cn/bmiddle/639d1481g7b3ad8581dc7&690

 

March 8: 1917; Ferdinand von Zeppelin dies

 

Ferdinand von Zeppelin was a German General and Aircraft engineer best remembered for developing the type of airship that was named after him.  Born on July 8, 1838, he would serve the German Army from the mid 1850s until his forced resignition in 1890.  After that, with a little help from German Engineers, he developed and eventually patented his design.  He died on March 8, 1917; more than 18 months before World War I ended.  His legacy lived on in the German Kriegsmarine, for that his name was used for the only Aircraft carrier ever built of the Kriegsmarine, the Graf Zeppelin.

Below is a Picture of Zeppelin, circa 1890

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1972-099-15%2C_Ferdinand_Graf_Zeppelin_am_Schreibtisch.jpg

 

March 10: 1945; Operation Meetinghouse takes place

 

Operation Meetinghouse was the codename for a bombing run on Tokyo by B-29 Level Bobers of the American Military.  However, this day was no ordinary bombing run; on this run the level bombers used Incendiary, or fire bombs instead of conventional bombs.  By the end of this run, it is estimated that about 25% of the city was destroyed, and 100,000 people were killed.  This was the 4th B-29 raid on Japan, following the February 19th, February 25th, and March 4th raids.
 

Below is a picture of how Tokyo looked after several bombing raids compared to how Tokyo looked before the raids began.  How many raids have taken place, however, is undetermineable:

 

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Tokyo-kushu-hikaku.jpg

 

March 10: 1918; Günther Rall is born

 Günther Rall was a German fighter pilot who was among the top-scoring aces of WWII and of all time.  Flying only in the legendary ME-109, by the end of the war he had raked up 275 kills; making him the third top scoring fighter ace of all time.  His record is surpassed only by Gerhard Barkhorn's 301 kills and Erich Hartmann's 352 kills.  He died in October 2009 at the age of 91.

Rall himself:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/79/Gunther_rall.jpg

Rall after his 250th kill:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J16509%2C_G%C3%BCnther_Rall.jpg

 

March 11: 1945; Operation Tan No. 2 Takes place

 

Operation Tan No. 2 was a Long range suicide mission carried out by Japanese Kamikazes directed at American carriers anchored in Ulithi Atoll.  The plan was to send in X amount of Kamikazes, sink a great deal of US carriers, and deliver a crushing blow to the American fleet.  24 Yokosuka P1Y Ginga "Frances" land-based bombers took off for this mission.  The attack was a near complete failure.  Of the 24, only 2 made it to Ulithi.  One crashed into the Carrier USS Randolph (CV-15), killing about 26 servicemen.  The other crashed into an access road, killing no one beyond the kamikze pilots.  The damage on Randolph was repaired within one month; In fact it was repaired so quickly that it was able to join the American fleet at the Battle of Okinawa not even one month later.

Below is a picture of a Yokosuka P1Y

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/YokosukaP1Y.JPG


And the USS Randolph following the kamikaze strike. 

 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/USS_Randolph_%28CV-15%29_under_repair.jpg

 

March 12: 1914; the USS Texas is commissioned

 

The USS Texas (BB-35) is a New York class Battleship.  She, along with her sister the USS New York (BB-34) were the first battleships commissioned into the US Navy that had the 14-Inch gun as the main armament.  It was also the first battleship to have AntiAircraft guns, the first battleship to launch an aircraft and the first battleship to be used as a permanent museum.  Today, BB-35 is moored in her namesake state; where she survives as the last surviving Dreadnought in the world.
 

USS Texas circa 1916/1917:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/USS_Texas_%28BB-35%29.jpg

USS Texas circa 1943:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/USS_Texas-5.jpg

USS Texas circa 2006

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/USS_Texas_BB-35.jpg

 

March 13: 1943; The Krakow Ghetto is liquidated

 

Under the command of Amon  Göth, this Polish Ghetto was liquidated (emptied) on this day.  Depending on how physically fit the Jews were, they were either sent to Plaszow, Auschwitz or killed then and there.

Entrance to the ghetto:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Krakow_Ghetto_Gate_73170.jpg

The Jews lining up for deportation

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Krakow_Ghetto_06694.jpg

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